It varies from person to person, but past that point is where it really starts to get risky. The actual term for what people refer to as an "exploded stomach" is gastrointestinalperforation, according to Healthline.
If you do suffer a gastrointestinal perforation, you won't necessarily die—but you can. Not only is there the physical rupture itself to deal with, but the contents of your stomach which would be considerable will begin to spill into the rest of your body, and because it has no business being there you can quickly become septic. The earlier you receive treatment, the better your chances of survival. Despite its popularity, the term "explode" isn't particularly accurate, explains Theresa Strong, director of research programs at the Foundation for Prader-Willi Research.
The stomach contents won't burst forth in the way an exploded water balloon would; rather, the intestine wall is pushed to the point where it splits.
Gastrointestinal perforations from overeating are rare, according to Business Insider. The human body is equipped with all kinds of survival mechanisms, and one of those mechanisms is vomiting. Your body vomits not only when it believes its been poisoned, but when doing so can prevent a ruptured internal organ. But, baby alien explosion aside, how much can the human stomach hold?
Both start out small when empty. Both get bigger when stuff goes in them. And, yes, both have a breaking point. The difference? If you blow up a balloon, pressure and volume have a fixed relationship—as pressure goes up, so does volume. A resting, empty stomach can hold six and a half to just over 10 fluid ounces. The stomach is actually covered in folds—or rugae—that unfurl as the organ grows.
But these folds have limits. A layer of nerve cells line the walls of your stomach. One of the reports Vreeman came across described the sad case of a woman whose stomach contained 12 liters of stuff. It takes a certain amount of misguided determination to manage to override your natural gag reflex and continue to eat and eat and eat , which is why, not surprisingly, reports of ruptured stomachs caused by overeating are most common in people with some sort of disordered eating, or limited mental capacity, Vreeman says.
And then once the stomach gets to this extremely distended point, the stomach muscles are too stretched out to be strong enough to vomit the food out. Speaking of strong stomachs, you'd best have one in order to read this next paragraph. If vomiting isn't happening, all that food and fluid still has to go somewhere. The increasing volume of stuff in the gut puts pressure on the stomach's walls, so much so that the tissue weakens and tears, sending the stomach contents into the body and causing infection and pain, Vreeman says.
Surgical intervention is necessary to repair a ruptured stomach and save the patient's life. In particular, she says, anorexics or bulimics may be at risk.
In fact, Cedars-Sinai , the non-profit hospital in Los Angeles, actually lists this as a "symptom" of bulimia: "In rare cases, a person may eat so much during a binge that the stomach bursts or the esophagus tears.
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