Folate and cancer: a tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. OM3 randomized trial. Arch Intern Med ; Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B Unraveling the complex relationship between folate and cancer risk. Biofactors ; Folate, methionine, and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal adenoma. J Natl Cancer Inst ; Pre- and postfortification intake of folate and risk of colorectal cancer in a large prospective cohort study in the United States.
Folate intake and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analytical approach. Int J Cancer ; Folate intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol ; Dietary intake of B vitamins and methionine and colorectal cancer risk. Nutr Cancer ; Dietary folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. Red blood cell folate and plasma folate are not associated with risk of incident colorectal cancer in the Women's Health Initiative observational study.
Quantifying the dose-response relationship between circulating folate concentrations and colorectal cancer in cohort studies: a meta-analysis based on a flexible meta-regression model. Am J Epidemiol ; Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B 6 , and vitamin B 12 on colorectal adenoma.
Folic acid and prevention of colorectal adenomas: a combined analysis of randomized clinical trials. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. Effects of folic acid supplementation on overall and site-specific cancer incidence during the randomised trials: meta-analyses of data on 50, individuals. Lancet ; Effect of daily vitamin B and folic acid supplementation on fracture incidence in elderly individuals with an elevated plasma homocysteine concentration: B-PROOF, a randomized controlled trial.
Is folic acid safe for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients? An evidence-based cohort study. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. Increased cancer cell proliferation in prostate cancer patients with high levels of serum folate.
Prostate ; Cancer risk with folic acid supplements: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open ;2:e Cognitive impairment is associated with elevated serum homocysteine levels among older adults.
Eur J Nutr Folate: a magic bullet or a double edged sword for colorectal cancer prevention? Gut ; Folate supplementation: too much of a good thing? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; Folate status and colorectal cancer risk: a update. Mol Aspects Med ; Folate intake and risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma: modification by time. NTP monograph: identifying research needs for assessing safe use of high intakes of folic acid.
National Toxicology Program, Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 individuals. Meta-analysis of B vitamin supplementation on plasma homocysteine, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Clin Nutr ; Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention VISP randomized controlled trial.
Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med ; Effect of folic acid and B vitamins on risk of cardiovascular events and total mortality among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial.
Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients treated with homocysteine-lowering B vitamins after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial. Effect of combined treatment with folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women. J Am Heart Assoc ;7. Efficacy of folic acid therapy in primary prevention of stroke among adults with hypertension in China: the CSPPT randomized clinical trial.
Effects of homocysteine-lowering with folic acid plus vitamin B12 vs placebo on mortality and major morbidity in myocardial infarction survivors: a randomized trial. Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in stroke prevention: new insight from a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract ; Platelet count affects efficacy of folic acid in preventing first stroke.
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J Alzheimers Dis ; Associations between serum homocysteine, holotranscobalamin, folate and cognition in the elderly: a longitudinal study. J Intern Med ; Effect of oral vitamin B with or without folic acid on cognitive function in older people with mild vitamin B deficiency: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Results of 2-year vitamin B treatment on cognitive performance: secondary data from an RCT. Neurology ; A trial of B vitamins and cognitive function among women at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Oral folic acid and vitamin B supplementation to prevent cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms--the Beyond Ageing Project: a randomized controlled trial. Effects of homocysteine lowering with B vitamins on cognitive aging: meta-analysis of 11 trials with cognitive data on 22, individuals. Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials.
Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people. B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review. Effect of homocysteine lowering treatment on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Effect of 3-year folic acid supplementation on cognitive function in older adults in the FACIT trial: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial. Association between serum vitamin levels and depression in U. Intakes of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 and risk of depression in community-dwelling older adults: the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Aging.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; Depression and folate status in the US population. Psychother Psychosom ; Serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder, Part 1: predictors of clinical response in fluoxetine-resistant depression.
J Clin Psychiatry ; J Affect Disord ; J Psychiatr Res ; Postpartum depressive symptoms: the B-vitamin link. Ment Health Fam Med ; Association between duration of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and risk of postpartum depression.
Nutrients ;9. Enhancement of the antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: a randomised, placebo controlled trial. Health Technol Assess ;vii-viii, Caveat emptor: Folate in unipolar depressive illness, a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol ; Adjunctive nutraceuticals for depression: A systematic review and meta-analyses.
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Complementary and Alternative medicine treatments. Can J Psychiatry ; L-methylfolate as adjunctive therapy for SSRI-resistant major depression: results of two randomized, double-blind, parallel-sequential trials.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can ; Folate and neural tube defects. Updated estimates of neural tube defects prevented by mandatory folic Acid fortification - United States, Folate recommendations for pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. Here are the top 5 best vitamins to grow your hair, along with 3 other nutrients.
For optimal health, it's a good idea to choose the foods that contain the most nutrients. Here are the 11 most nutrient-dense foods on earth.
Chia seeds are versatile and packed with nutrients. Here are 7 chia seed benefits, all backed by science. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Leafy greens.
Citrus fruits. Brussels sprouts. Nuts and seeds. Beef liver. Wheat germ. Fortified grains. The bottom line. Read this next. Folic Acid vs. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.
Folate Deficiency. Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M. Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M. There's not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high doses of thiamin supplements each day. There's not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high doses of riboflavin supplements each day.
Taking high doses of nicotinic acid supplements can cause skin flushes. Taking high doses for a long time could lead to liver damage. There's not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high daily doses of nicotinamide supplements. Taking 17mg or less of nicotinic acid supplements a day, or mg or less of nicotinamide supplements a day, is unlikely to cause any harm. Pantothenic acid is found in varying amounts in almost all vegetables, wholegrain foods and meats, but good sources include:.
You should be able to get all the pantothenic acid you need from your daily diet, as it's found in many foods. There's not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high daily doses of pantothenic acid supplements. You should be able to get all the pantothenic acid you need by eating a varied and balanced diet. Taking mg or more a day of vitamin B6 [LK2] can lead to a loss of feeling in the arms and legs known as peripheral neuropathy.
But in a few cases when people have taken large amounts of vitamin B6, particularly for more than a few months, the effect can be permanent.
The effect of taking vitamin B6 at doses between 10 and mg is unclear. So there's not enough evidence to say how long these doses could be taken for safely. The bacteria that live naturally in your bowel are able to make biotin, so it's not clear if you need any additional biotin from the diet.
There's not enough evidence to know what the effects might be of taking high daily doses of biotin supplements. A lack of folate could lead to folate deficiency anaemia. Adults need micrograms of folate a day. A microgram is 1, times smaller than a milligram mg.
There are no long-term stores in the body, so you need to eat folate-containing foods frequently. Most people should be able to get the amount of folate they need by eating a varied and balanced diet. If you're pregnant, trying for a baby, or could get pregnant, it's recommended that you take a microgram folic acid supplement daily until you're 12 weeks pregnant. Folic acid supplements need to be taken before you get pregnant, so start taking them before you stop using contraception or if there's a chance you might get pregnant.
Some women have an increased risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect and are advised to take a higher dose of 5mg of folic acid each day until they're 12 weeks pregnant. This is important and unlikely to cause harm, as it's taken on a short-term basis, but speak to your doctor first. Folic acid is used to: treat or prevent folate deficiency anaemia help your unborn baby's brain, skull and spinal cord develop properly to avoid development problems called neural tube defects such as spina bifida help reduce side effects from methotrexate, a medicine used to treat severe arthritis , Crohn's disease or psoriasis Folic acid is available on prescription and comes as tablets or as a liquid you swallow.
You can also buy lower dose tablets from pharmacies and supermarkets. Folic acid can also be combined with: ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulphate to treat iron deficiency anaemia other vitamins and minerals as a multivitamin and mineral supplement.
You usually take folic acid once a day, but sometimes you only need to take it once a week. Most adults and children can take folic acid. If you're pregnant or trying for a baby, it's recommended you take folic acid until you're 12 weeks pregnant. It helps your baby grow normally. You're unlikely to get side effects with folic acid, but some people feel sick, lose their appetite, get wind or feel bloated. These side effects are usually mild and do not last long.
Folic acid is also called by the brand names Preconceive and Lexpex. It's not suitable for everyone. How much will I take? How much you take depends on why you need folic acid. Before and during early pregnancy The usual dose for most women trying to get pregnant and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy is micrograms, taken once a day. Folate deficiency anaemia To treat anaemia, the usual dose for adults and children over 1 year old is 5mg, taken once a day, for 4 months.
Sometimes the dose may be increased to 15mg a day. This depends on your age, diet and any other health conditions you may have. If you're taking methotrexate The usual dose for adults and children is 5mg once a week, on a different day of the week to your methotrexate.
Some people take 1mg to 5mg once a day, apart from the day when they have their methotrexate. How to take it You can take folic acid with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole with a drink.
Will my dose go up or down? Usually your dose will stay the same. What if I forget to take it? If you stop taking your folic acid: in pregnancy - the risk of your baby having neural tube defects may increase for folate deficiency anaemia - your symptoms may get worse or new symptoms may appear to reduce the side effects of methotrexate - you'll be more likely to get side effects from methotrexate If you forget to take folic acid: once a day - take your missed dose as soon as you remember.
If it's nearly time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and just take your next dose as normal. If you remember on the day you take your methotrexate, wait a day and take your missed dose the following day. After this, go back to taking your weekly dose on your usual day.
Never take 2 doses to make up for a forgotten one. If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. What if I take too much? Folic acid is generally very safe. Taking too much is unlikely to harm you or your child. If you're worried, speak to your pharmacist or doctor. Common side effects Talk to your pharmacist or doctor if these side effects bother you or do not go away: feeling sick nausea - but if you're pregnant, this is more likely to be morning sickness loss of appetite bloating or wind Serious allergic reaction In rare cases, folic acid can cause a serious allergic reaction anaphylaxis.
What to do about: feeling sick - take folic acid with, or just after, a meal or snack to ease feelings of sickness. If you're pregnant, it could be morning sickness that's making you feel sick.
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