This allows us to do everyday movements such as walking, running, jumping and carrying. The appendicular skeleton consists of the following six parts and can be seen as the shaded area in the adjacent diagram. The main purpose of the appendicular skeleton is to allow movement to occur through the joints of our arms and legs. Without the appendicular skeleton we would be unable to move around and do the activities we do on a daily basis.
The vertebral column spine is a key part of the axial skeleton. It is important to have a good understanding of the spine as it is a common area that people injure and have postural issues with. For this reason, as a trainer understanding the spine and its natural curves will help you cue clients when exercising in order to keep them safe, as well as communicate with other professionals such as physiotherapists. The vertebral column is made up of lots of individual vertebrae which are grouped together into five different sections.
These sections are listed below and can also be seen on the adjacent diagram. When analysing the spine or talking to another professional, such as a physiotherapist, it helps to reference each vertebra as a number. For this reason vertebrae are numbered in descending order in their corresponding sections i. Make writing personal training programs easy with these custom designed exercise templates, and keep your clients focused and progressing. Pain-free clients are happy clients.
Claim your free copy of the client back care guide today. Your clients will thank you for it! Link to Client Back Care Guide. All rights reserved.
Search Site only in current section. Advanced Search…. In this page we look at the major components and functions of the system that gives each and every one of us our 'structure'. What is the skeleton? Bones provide support for our bodies and help form our shape. Although they're very light, bones are strong enough to support our entire weight. Bones also protect the body's organs. The skull protects the brain and forms the shape of the face. The spinal cord, a pathway for messages between the brain and the body, is protected by the backbone, or spinal column.
The ribs form a cage that shelters the heart and lungs , and the pelvis helps protect the bladder, part of the intestines, and in women, the reproductive organs. Bones are made up of a framework of a protein called collagen , with a mineral called calcium phosphate that makes the framework hard and strong. Bones store calcium and release some into the bloodstream when it's needed by other parts of the body. The amounts of some vitamins and minerals that you eat, especially vitamin D and calcium, directly affect how much calcium is stored in the bones.
In this soft bone is where most of the body's blood cells are made. The bone marrow contains stem cells , which produce the body's red blood cells and platelets, and some types of white blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues, and platelets help with blood clotting when someone has a cut or wound.
White blood cells help the body fight infection. Bones are fastened to other bones by long, fibrous straps called ligaments LIG-uh-mentz. Cartilage KAR-tul-ij , a flexible, rubbery substance in our joints, supports bones and protects them where they rub against each other. The bones of kids and young teens are smaller than those of adults and contain "growing zones" called growth plates. These plates consist of multiplying cartilage cells that grow in length, and then change into hard, mineralized bone.
These growth plates are easy to spot on an X-ray. Because girls mature at an earlier age than boys, their growth plates change into hard bone at an earlier age.
Bone-building continues throughout life, as a body constantly renews and reshapes the bones' living tissue. Bone contains three types of cells:. Muscles pull on the joints, allowing us to move.
They also help the body do such things as chewing food and then moving it through the digestive system. Even when we sit perfectly still, muscles throughout the body are constantly moving. Muscles help the heart beat, the chest rise and fall during breathing, and blood vessels regulate the pressure and flow of blood. When we smile and talk, muscles help us communicate, and when we exercise, they help us stay physically fit and healthy. The movements that muscles make are coordinated and controlled by the brain and nervous system.
The involuntary muscles are controlled by structures deep within the brain and the upper part of the spinal cord called the brain stem. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow. Chapter Review The major functions of the bones are body support, facilitation of movement, protection of internal organs, storage of minerals and fat, and hematopoiesis.
Together, the muscular system and skeletal system are known as the musculoskeletal system. Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident? The skeletal system is composed of bone and cartilage and has many functions. Choose three of these functions and discuss what features of the skeletal system allow it to accomplish these functions. It supports the body. The rigid, yet flexible skeleton acts as a framework to support the other organs of the body.
It facilitates movement. The movable joints allow the skeleton to change shape and positions; that is, move. It protects internal organs. Parts of the skeleton enclose or partly enclose various organs of the body including our brain, ears, heart, and lungs. Any trauma to these organs has to be mediated through the skeletal system. It produces blood cells. The central cavity of long bones is filled with marrow. The red marrow is responsible for forming red and white blood cells.
It stores and releases minerals and fat. The mineral component of bone, in addition to providing hardness to bone, provides a mineral reservoir that can be tapped as needed. Additionally, the yellow marrow, which is found in the central cavity of long bones along with red marrow, serves as a storage site for fat.
Skip to content Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System. Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Define bone, cartilage, and the skeletal system List and describe the functions of the skeletal system.
Support, Movement, and Protection The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are the gross functions—those visible by observation. Bones Support Movement. Bones act as levers when muscles span a joint and contract.
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